중3 영어 — 분사구문 & 접속사 AS 완전 정리
시험 직전 한 번에 끝내는 개념정리 · 필수 예문 · 헷갈리는 포인트
목차
1) 분사구문(Participial Clauses)란?
접속사(when, because 등)와 주어를 생략하고 분사형(-ing / p.p.)으로 부사절을 줄인 형태. 보통 주절의 주어와 동일할 때 사용한다.
원문장(시간)
When he heard the news, he jumped for joy.
분사구문
Hearing the news, he jumped for joy.
When he heard the news, he jumped for joy.
분사구문
Hearing the news, he jumped for joy.
원문장(이유)
Because she was tired, she went to bed early.
분사구문
Being tired, she went to bed early. / Tired, she went to bed early.
Because she was tired, she went to bed early.
분사구문
Being tired, she went to bed early. / Tired, she went to bed early.
TIP. 동시·원인·조건·양보 등 부사절의 의미를 유지하면서 문장을 간결하게 만든다.
2) 분사구문 용법
① 시간/동시
While she was waiting for the bus, she read a book.
→ Waiting for the bus, she read a book.
→ Waiting for the bus, she read a book.
② 이유
Because he was injured, he couldn’t play.
→ Injured, he couldn’t play. / Being injured, he couldn’t play.
→ Injured, he couldn’t play. / Being injured, he couldn’t play.
③ 조건
If you practice a lot, you will improve quickly.
→ Practicing a lot, you will improve quickly.
→ Practicing a lot, you will improve quickly.
④ 양보
Although he was tired, he finished the work.
→ Though tired, he finished the work. (형용사 단독 가능)
→ Though tired, he finished the work. (형용사 단독 가능)
3) 형태별 정리
- 능동:
V-ing→ Hearing the news, … - 수동:
p.p./being p.p.→ Surprised at the result, … - 완료(선행 동작):
having p.p.→ Having lost his keys, … - 부정:
not V-ing/not having p.p.→ Not knowing the answer, … - 콤마: 문두 분사구문 뒤에
,로 주절 구분
완료 분사
He couldn’t enter the house because he had lost his keys.
→ Having lost his keys, he couldn’t enter the house.
He couldn’t enter the house because he had lost his keys.
→ Having lost his keys, he couldn’t enter the house.
4) 자주 하는 실수 & 핵심 포인트
- 주어 불일치 금지: 분사구문의 논리적 주어 = 주절 주어
- 능/수동 구별: 의미가 수동이면
p.p.(surprised not surprising) - 시제 느낌: 선후 관계가 필요하면
having p.p. - 접속사 생략:
When/Because등을 남기지 않는다
Dangling(매달린) 분사 주의: Walking down the street, the trees were beautiful. (X) → 누가 걷는지 주어 불명확.
5) 접속사 as 자세한 문법
as는 문맥에 따라 시간(~할 때), 이유(~이므로), 동시진행(~하면서), 양보(문맥상), 상기(앞서 말했듯) 등 다양하게 해석된다.
① 시간(~할 때) / 동시(~하면서)
As I was leaving, it started to rain. → “내가 떠날 때”
As I grew older, I understood my parents better. → “나이가 들면서”
As I grew older, I understood my parents better. → “나이가 들면서”
② 이유(~이므로)
As it was cold, we stayed inside. → “추웠기 때문에”
③ 상기/담화표지(문장 전체 수식)
As you know, the test is next week. → “아시다시피”
As I said before, practice is important. → “앞서 말했듯”
As I said before, practice is important. → “앞서 말했듯”
④ 문맥상 양보
문법적으로는 이유·시간이지만, 문맥에 따라 “~이지만”으로 해석될 때가 있다.
As I was tired, I kept working. → “피곤했지만 계속 일했다”(문맥상 양보)
형식
- as + 절(주어+동사) 반드시 완전한 절 필요 (예: As he was tired, …)
- 문두/문중/문말 자유: We stayed inside as it was cold.
- 쉼표: 문두에 올 때 보통 콤마 사용
6) as의 다른 용법 한눈에
① 비교/유사
He sang as a bird does. → “새가 노래하듯”
② 직업·자격(전치사적 as)
He worked as a teacher. → “교사로서”
주의: 여기의 as는 접속사가 아니라 전치사/부사적 용법이므로 뒤에 명사가 온다.
7) 한 페이지 요약
분사구문 만들기
- 부사절(when/because/if/although 등) → 접속사·주어 생략
- 능동:
V-ing/ 수동:p.p. - 선행 동작:
having p.p. - 주어는 주절과 동일!
as 접속사 의미
- 시간/동시: As I was walking, …
- 이유: As it was cold, …
- 상기/담화: As you know, …
- (문맥상) 양보: As I was tired, I kept working.
시험 꿀팁: surprised vs surprising 구별, having p.p.의 선후 관계, 주어 일치 여부를 특히 확인!